The roof is a building’s primary barrier against the elements. Its skeletal framework is defined by rafters, which extend from the roof’s peak (called the ridge) to its edges.
Watch pro roofing contractors prepare a job site to keep it clean and safe, strip the old roof down to its sheathing, and repair damaged boards before installing new shingle sheathing. They also show how to layout and install step flashing, soffit vents, and ridge vents. Contact Arthur’s Roofing for professional help.
As long as humans have been on this planet, they have shared a basic need for shelter and protection from the elements. The history of roofing is a reflection of the ways that humans have responded to this need, developing materials and techniques to protect their structures. From thatch and mud to more sophisticated clay and wood tiles, the various roofing systems that have emerged over the years show the dynamism of human creativity.
In early times, the primary consideration was to construct a covering that would be durable enough to withstand harsh weather conditions, while also being functional and cost-effective. As such, thatch – reeds or palm leaves tightly woven together – was popular in places like ancient Mesopotamia, as were mud bricks and stone slabs. These primitive constructions served their purpose well, but they were not particularly attractive.
Later, as civilizations evolved and developed more complex needs, they sought to incorporate architectural features that would serve a decorative as well as a utilitarian purpose. The Romans, for example, introduced tile roofing systems, and their elaborate dome roofs would inspire architectural masterpieces throughout the world for centuries to come.
In the United States, where shingles were first developed, roofers used a technique that involved layering fabric over a sheathing of pine or coal tar and coating it with another sticky substance such as tar. Eventually, this material was replaced with heavy paper covered with some type of protective coating, and asbestos began to be used as an effective waterproofing agent until research revealed its link to health hazards.
During the Renaissance, more refined and detailed tiles came into vogue in Italy and other parts of Europe. This allowed for more elaborate architectural designs and the resurgence of classic forms, such as the iconic curved roofs of ancient Rome.
The game-changer that ushered in the modern age of roofing was the introduction of synthetic materials, which made it possible to build a roof that offered greater strength than traditional materials, but at a more affordable price. These materials paved the way for today’s variety of roofing options, each with its own advantages.
Materials
Choosing the right roofing materials significantly impacts your roof’s appearance, durability and energy efficiency. The style and color of your roof can enhance or detract from your home’s aesthetic, while some materials offer specialized coatings that improve energy efficiency. Whether your home is new or older, the roofing material you choose can determine how long your roof will last.
Asphalt shingle roofs are the most common residential roofing system in the United States, with several options to suit your budget and aesthetic preferences. They are available in a wide range of colors, including multi-colored shingles. Many of these shingles have reflective coatings that help reduce cooling costs.
A clay tile roof is another traditional roofing option. These tiles are molded and fired in kilns for durability. These roofs are good for warm climates, and they can resist abrasions and impact damage. However, the weight of these tiles can cause structural problems for your home’s foundation.
Aluminum is a lightweight metal that offers the advantage of being corrosion resistant. It is also easy to work with, making it a preferred roofing material for architects, builders and contractors. However, it can dent more easily than other metals. This can make it more susceptible to damage during and after installation.
Copper is a natural metal that has excellent thermal and electrical properties. It can withstand strong winds and is corrosion-resistant. It is often used in architectural features, and can be soldered, which allows it to join roof/wall flashings and gutter joints. Copper is more expensive than most other roofing materials and requires regular maintenance to keep it looking good.
Concrete tile offers a durable, weather-resistant option for flat and low-slope roofs. It’s often seen in Mediterranean architecture and has a distinctive look. It can be very expensive, and it is difficult to install in areas with extreme climate conditions. However, it does resist damage from hail and can be repaired relatively easily. Wood shingles and shakes add a rustic charm to any building. Cedar and redwood are both popular choices because of their durability against rot and insects. These roofing materials can be painted or stained for additional protection.
Installation
Whether new construction or reroofing, roofing is a complicated process. It involves constructing the supporting framework and securing the covering material. The structure must be well-anchored to the supporting walls, while gutters and downspouts are installed to convey water safely away from the foundation, where it could cause basement flooding and structural damage. Choosing the right slope is essential for proper water drainage; a moderate slope strikes a balance between effective drainage and pleasing proportions, while steeper slopes are sometimes required for historical buildings or houses in high precipitation zones.
It’s also important to take safety precautions during this step, as working on a roof is inherently dangerous. Proper safety gear, including eye protection and a harness or helmet, should be worn at all times. Also, a second adult should always be present to ensure the safe use of ladders and other tools. Once the work is complete, a contract should be written to finalize payment and other details. Our roofing project managers will go over everything with you, ensuring the estimate fits into your budget and that you’re satisfied with all terms before proceeding.
Maintenance
The success of any roofing system depends on proper design and quality materials as well as a comprehensive maintenance program. In general, a routine maintenance program consists of periodic inspections followed by corrective actions to address observed defects. This approach extends the service life of a roof system and lowers its overall life cycle cost. In addition, it may prevent interior damage to furnishings, inventory and finished goods as well as structural components. Moisture infiltration within a building can also adversely affect indoor air quality and promote the growth of mold.
Routine maintenance procedures include the following:
* Observe the condition of shingles, flashing and membrane. Look for excessive wear, deterioration and the presence of moss or other organic matter which indicates material decay beneath the surface. Inspect caulking at penetrations and around chimneys and vent pipes to ensure that it is still in good condition and not leaking.
Examine the underlying decking and other structural elements for signs of water infiltration or corrosion. Deterioration of these elements can result in interior damage, odors and health hazards.
* Debris should be removed from the roof surfaces. Accumulation restricts drainage, accelerates membrane deterioration and can cause punctures from sharp objects. Drains, scuppers, gutters and downspouts should be checked regularly to ensure that they are free from obstructions and working properly.
* Check the integrity of the roof surface to identify damaged areas and to determine if the original protective barrier is still in place. If damage is found it should be repaired as soon as possible to minimize the impact of the repairs on the structure.
Depending on the severity of weather conditions, inspections should be conducted on a monthly or bi-monthly basis. In addition, periodic inspections should be completed after major storm events such as high winds or heavy rains to identify any roof related damage or conditions that may have developed.